猝睡症__勇士部落

英國猝睡症(Google網路簡易直接翻譯參考)

什麼是嗜睡症？

嗜睡症是一種故障的睡眠/喚醒大腦中調節系統直到最近被不明來歷的。其最常見的表現是 白天過度嗜睡 和睡眠攻擊。

其他突出的症狀是突然失去控制所引發的肌肉娛樂，憤怒或興奮被稱為 昏倒。

其他症狀的發作性睡病有：

• 暫時癱瘓在入睡或覺醒（睡眠麻痺）。該時期通常是短暫癱瘓 - 幾分鐘 - 但可以持續長達 30分鐘。睡眠麻痺發作的病人可報警，特別是那些誰的經驗，感覺無法呼吸。
• 幻覺 - 生動的圖像或聲音 - 對入睡或覺醒（臨睡幻覺和hypnopompic分別）。這些幻覺經常結合要素夢睡眠和意識，往往很不安的病人。
• 矩（但有時長時間）的恍惚樣的行為，其中常規活動繼續進行的自動飛行員（自動行為）。
• 中斷夜間睡眠頻繁覺醒的時期，特點是心率加快的，過度警覺，潮熱，和激動。這可以促進睡眠不安的感覺在上午的疲勞。

這種狀況似乎與故障相關的控制相睡眠稱為快速眼動（REM）睡眠。REM睡眠是與深刻的大腦活動，夢想和喪失肌肉張力。在人們誰沒有猝睡症REM睡眠不通常睡眠已經開始進行，直到大約一個小時左右。繼第一次出現快速眼動睡眠睡眠還原回非REM睡眠。REM睡眠然後重新出現在大約 90分鐘一班。然而，在快速眼動睡眠的人與猝睡症很快開始 - 甚至在一開始的睡眠。這就造成了相當明顯的症狀時，入睡和肌肉損失。有些人甚至與猝睡症'入侵'的一些跡象 REM睡眠到他們醒來的時刻。

作為猝睡症的概念是一個疾病的快速眼動睡眠可能過於簡單，沒有解釋，白天嗜睡的相關條件。如上所述，最有可能，猝睡症結果從中斷的機制既控制睡眠和清醒。這可以解釋為什麼在人與嗜睡，夜間睡眠時間是非常零散 - 甚至到了失眠的生產點，他們不能長時間保持清醒。

猝睡症通常在青春期開始發病，但情況提早或遲至中年，都記錄在案。的類型和嚴重程度的症狀因人而定人，可以改善或惡化的任何時間。

猝睡症的盛行率是不能準確知道，因為它是明顯不足的報告。不過，報告發病率在人口猝睡症範圍從 5萬（0.05％）在歐洲和北美，至16萬在日本。

可繼承的因素已被確定，可以增加對發展中國家猝睡症的可能性高達 10倍的人員，與這些因素相比，沒有它。事實上，有一個有很強的相關性猝睡症with猝倒和這個因素 - 約 90％的那些猝睡症有它。然而，這個因素也很常見在一般人群中，因而既不具體也不敏感猝睡症。這一因素可能是檢測尋找一個特定的'組織型'（人類白細胞抗原DQB1基因* 0602）在研究對象的血液。這個測試被視為是沒有價值的確認或排除診斷嗜睡症，並可能導致不適當的診斷。

嗜睡症是遠遠不是瑣碎的條件，具有深遠影響的福祉。'生活品質'的研究顯示猝睡症的影響被視為意義重大，因為這對帕金森氏症。

原文及網址

http://www.narcolepsy.org.uk/narcolepsy/definition.html

Narcolepsy UK

What is narcolepsy?

Narcolepsy is a malfunction of the sleep/wake regulating system in the brain which until recently was of unknown origin. Its most common manifestation is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and sleep attacks.

The other conspicuous symptom is a sudden loss of muscular control triggered by amusement, anger or excitement which is called cataplexy.

Other symptoms of narcolepsy are:

• Temporary paralysis on falling asleep or awakening (sleep paralysis). The periods of paralysis are usually brief - a few minutes - but can persist for up to 30 minutes. Episodes of sleep paralysis may alarm patients, particularly those who experience the sensation of being unable to breathe.
• Hallucinations - vivid images or sounds - on falling asleep or awakening (Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations respectively). These hallucinations frequently combine elements of dream sleep and consciousness and are often very disturbing to patients.
• Moments (but sometimes extended periods) of trance-like behaviour in which routine activities are continued on 'auto-pilot' (Automatic behaviour).
• Interruption of night-time sleep by frequent waking periods, marked by quickening of the heart rate, over-alertness, hot flushes, and agitation. This disturbed sleep can contribute to a feeling of tiredness in the morning.

The condition appears to be associated with faulty control of a phase of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep.  REM sleep is associated with profound brain activity, dreaming and loss of muscle tone.  In people who do not have narcolepsy REM sleep does not normally start until sleep has been underway for about an hour or so. Following the first occurrence of REM sleep sleep reverts back to non-REM sleep.  REM sleep then re-occurs at approximately 90 minute intervals. However, in people with narcolepsy REM sleep starts very quickly - even at the start of sleep.  This results in quite marked symptoms when falling asleep and a loss of muscle tone. Some people with narcolepsy even have 'intrusion' of some of the signs of REM sleep into their waking moments.

The concept of narcolepsy as being a disease of REM sleep may be too simplistic and does not explain the daytime sleepiness associated with the condition.  As stated above, most probably, narcolepsy results from the disruption of the mechanisms controlling both sleep and wakefulness. This would explain why, in people with narcolepsy, night-time sleep is very fragmented - even to the point of producing insomnia, and they cannot stay awake for prolonged periods.

Narcolepsy usually begins in adolescence but instances of onset earlier, or as late as middle age, are on record. The type and severity of symptoms vary from person to person and may either improve or worsen with time.

The prevalence of narcolepsy is not accurately known as it is significantly under-reported. However, the reported prevalence of narcolepsy in the population ranges from 5 in 10,000 (0.05%) in Europe and North America, to 16 in 10,000 in Japan.

An inheritable factor has been identified which can increase the likelihood of developing narcolepsy by up to 10 times in persons with the factor compared with those without it. Indeed, there there is a very strong correlation between narcolepsy with cataplexy and this factor - about 90% of those with narcolepsy have it.  However, this factor is also very commonly found in the general population and is thus neither specific nor sensitive for narcolepsy. This factor may be detected by looking for a particular 'tissue type' (HLA DQB1 *0602) in the subjects' blood. This test is regarded as being of little value in confirming or excluding the diagnosis of narcolepsy and may lead to an inappropriate diagnosis.

Narcolepsy is far from being a trivial condition and has a profound effect on well-being.  'Quality of Life' studies have shown the impact of narcolepsy to be as significant as that of Parkinson's disease.