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發作性睡病
http://helpguide.org/life/narcolepsy_symptom_causes_treatments.htm
發作性睡病
發作性睡眠病的症狀，成因，治療和藥物治療
發作性睡病是一種慢性神經紊亂，影響到部分大腦調節時睡著了，什麼時候會醒來。 Narcoleptics可以入睡工作時，做飯，甚至駕駛。
發作性睡病影響到大約1 2000人，被認為是一種遺傳性疾病。大多數人體驗他們的最初症狀歲之間的10和25。發作性睡病是一種終身的條件，但narcoleptics誰作出某些改變生活方式和尋求醫生的幫助可以減輕症狀，提高警覺性和享受充分和積極的生活。
本文內容包括：
症狀和體徵嗜睡症
發作性睡病的原因
診斷嗜睡症
發作性睡病的影響
治療發作性睡病
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症狀和體徵嗜睡症
發作性睡病的主要症狀是 白天嗜睡 （有或沒有睡覺突然發作）和 正常睡眠， 一些不尋常的症狀發作性睡病相關的異常REM睡眠，包括幻覺，睡眠癱瘓和昏倒（喪失肌肉控制）。猝倒（突然失去肌肉控制）是唯一獨特的症狀發作性睡病。
每個人可能遇到的發作性睡病的症狀很不同的，有時是唯一的症狀，他們可以報告是極端白天疲勞，這可能使得人們很難診斷嗜睡症。
其他發作性睡眠病的症狀包括：
猝倒（喪失肌肉控制）：發作性睡病的人往往突然失去肌肉的控制，而清醒，通常所引發的強烈情感，如笑。
幻覺：有些人發作性睡經驗生動，有時令人恐懼，視覺或聽覺的感受時入睡或在覺醒。
睡眠癱瘓：睡眠麻痺是不能移動或談話的開始或結束的睡眠。
Microsleep：Microsleeps非常簡單的睡眠發作期間，發作性睡病的人繼續發揮作用（說話，把事情做好了，等），然後驚醒沒有記憶活動。
夜間覺醒：發作性睡病的人可能有時間在晚上的失眠，有潮熱，提高心率，有時激烈的警覺性。
快速進入睡眠：Narcoleptics具有獨特的睡眠週期。他們進入快速眼動，或夢想，相睡眠後立即入睡，而大多數人需要大約90分鐘進入快速眼動階段。發作性睡病的人會遇到的特點REM睡眠（生動的夢想和肌肉癱瘓），在開始的睡眠，即使睡眠是白天。
兩種最常見的發作性睡眠病的症狀（白天嗜睡和猝倒）似乎要連接到的情感狀態。人們往往有這些症狀時，遇到強烈的情感，如笑聲，悲傷，驚奇，或沮喪。
發作性睡病的原因
研究人員繼續尋找根源的嗜睡症。普遍的共識是，遺傳學，伴隨著環境引發某種- 1病毒，例如，可能會影響大腦的化學物質，造成嗜睡。
科學家們發現，發作性睡病的人是不是不夠 下丘腦分泌素（也被稱為 食慾），一種化學物質，能夠激活大腦的興奮和調節睡眠。 Narcoleptics通常沒有很多的Hcrt細胞（神經細胞能分泌丘腦分泌素），抑制的能力完全控制他們的警覺性和傾向入睡。科學家們正在開發的治療，以補充下丘腦分泌素的水平，減少發作性睡病的症狀。
似乎是遺傳因素在發作性睡眠病，但環境觸發也發揮強有力的作用。研究還調查這些觸發器。
診斷嗜睡症
發作性睡病往往被誤診或確診。發作性睡病的人往往迫不及待地看醫生，因為最常見的（有時是唯一）的症狀是白天過度困倦，症狀可表明許多條件。此外，發作性睡眠病的症狀往往錯誤地歸因於睡眠障礙或其他醫療條件（如抑鬱症或癲癇）。猝倒（突然失去肌肉控制）是唯一獨特的症狀發作性睡病。
發作性睡病的診斷可以很長一段時間，有時一年以上，甚至達到幾十年。如果您懷疑您有發作性睡眠病，一定要和你的醫生講的所有您所遇到的症狀。
隨著列表的症狀，醫生和睡眠專家使用下面的方法來診斷嗜睡症：
Epworth嗜睡量表- 問卷的一般睡眠。
夜間多導睡眠圖-這一夜測試措施的電活動你的大腦和心臟，這個運動你的肌肉和眼睛。
多次小睡潛伏期試驗（MSLT） - 該測試需要多長時間你入睡白天。
脊髓液分析 -缺乏對丘腦分泌素，腦脊液中可能是一個標記為發作性睡病。檢查脊髓液是一種新的診斷測試嗜睡症。
發作性睡病的影響
發作性睡病有嚴重的影響在許多方面的生活。以下是短短的發作性睡病的影響可能對你的生活。
發作性睡病的影響
身體健康和安全
許多活動，包括駕駛，工作，做飯，或散步，是非常危險的，如果你入睡或突然失去肌肉的控制。
心理健康
發作性睡病擾亂生活的各個方面，並可能導致抑鬱和焦慮。
社會和職業的關係
不幸的是，突然發作的睡眠經常發現幽默那些不熟悉的發作性睡病。人們可能會以為，個人與發作性睡病是懶惰，粗魯或偽造的突然睡眠發作。
親密關係
個人的關係，特別是配偶關係，常常受到損害。極度嗜睡也可能導致性慾低和陽痿。
記憶和注意力
發作性睡病的人可能有問題，記憶事情和集中。
睡眠中心的認可
美國睡眠醫學科學院提供了一個 睡眠中心查詢 與信息中心，找到一個在您附近的睡眠。
治療發作性睡病
雖然還存在著無法治愈的嗜睡，組合的治療可以控制發作性睡病的症狀。推薦的治療發作性睡眠病的組合，包括諮詢，藥物治療和行為的變化。
治療發作性睡病的諮詢和支持團體
發作性睡病的症狀，尤其是睡眠攻擊，昏倒，可以肆虐讓您無法過正常的生活。情節可以可怕的，並且您可能會變得沮喪，因為突然缺乏控制。害怕入睡或突然崩潰的力量，成為一些人隱居和撤回。抑鬱症的發作性睡病的人是可以理解的非常普遍。深入到一個心理學家，輔導員，或支持小組可以幫助你應付這種疾病的影響。
藥物治療發作性睡病
藥物治療是非常有用的治療發作性睡病的症狀。常見的處方藥物發作性睡眠病的興奮劑，抗抑鬱藥和羥丁酸鈉。所有的藥物有副作用，使你的醫生交談
行為變化的影響，幫助發作性睡病
行為的變化通常與藥物的建議，以幫助一個人來管理嗜睡症狀。結合不同的治療方法可以提高警覺性，並幫助您控制效果的睡眠病事件。
自助發作性睡眠
附表你的睡眠時間
採取一些簡短的，預定在白天小睡（10-15分鐘）。嘗試獲得良好的睡眠，在同一時間每天晚上。計劃小睡可以防止計劃外的失誤進入睡眠。
避免咖啡因，酒精和尼古丁
這些物質干擾睡眠時，您需要它。
涉及到你的雇主，同事和朋友
提醒他人，使他們能在需要時幫助。
隨身攜帶錄音機
記錄和會議的重要談話，如果你入睡。
打破較大的任務，切成小塊
集中在一個小的事一件事的時間。
運動定期
運動可以使你感到更清醒，白天和晚上睡覺刺激。例如，需要數短，白天散步。
避免活動，這將是危險的，如果你有一個突然襲擊睡眠
如果可能的話，不開車，爬上梯子，或使用危險機器。午睡前，駕駛可幫助您處理任何可能的嗜睡。
穿醫療警報手鐲或項鍊
手鐲或項鍊會提醒其他人，如果你突然入睡，或成為不能移動或發言。
原文_
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy
Narcoleptic Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Medication
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, affecting the part of the brain that regulates when to be asleep and when to be awake. Narcoleptics can fall asleep while working, cooking, or even driving.
Narcolepsy affects about 1 in 2,000 people, and is thought to be a genetic disorder. Most people experience their first symptoms between the ages of 10 and 25. Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition, but narcoleptics who make certain lifestyle changes and seek medical help can reduce symptoms, improve alertness and enjoy a full and active life.
In This Article:
Signs and symptoms of narcolepsy
The causes of narcolepsy
Diagnosing narcolepsy
The effects of narcolepsy
Treating narcolepsy
Related links
Print Authors
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Signs and symptoms of narcolepsy
The main narcolepsy symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness (with or without sudden sleep episodes) and abnormal REM sleep, Several unusual symptoms of narcolepsy are related to abnormal REM sleep, including hallucinations, sleep paralysis and cataplexy (loss of muscle control). Cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle control) is the sole unique symptom of narcolepsy.
Each person with narcolepsy may experience very different symptoms and sometimes the only symptom they can report on is extreme daytime tiredness, which may make it hard to diagnose narcolepsy.
Other narcolepsy symptoms include:
Cataplexy (loss of muscle control): People with narcolepsy often have a sudden loss of muscle control while awake, usually triggered by strong emotions, such as laughing.
Hallucinations: Some people with narcolepsy experience vivid, sometimes frightening, visual or auditory sensations while falling asleep or upon awakening.
Sleep paralysis: Sleep paralysis is the inability to move or talk at the beginning or end of sleep.
Microsleep: Microsleeps are very brief sleep episodes during which people with narcolepsy continue to function (talk, put things away, etc.), and then awaken with no memory of the activities.
Nighttime wakefulness: People with narcolepsy may have periods of wakefulness at night, with hot flashes, elevated heart rate, and sometimes intense alertness.
Rapid entry into REM sleep: Narcoleptics have unique sleep cycles. They enter the REM, or dream, phase of sleep right after falling asleep, whereas most people take about 90 minutes to enter the REM phase. Someone with narcolepsy will experience the characteristics of REM sleep (vivid dreams and muscle paralysis) at the beginning of sleep, even if that sleep is during the day.
Two of the most common narcolepsy symptoms (excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy) seem to be connected to emotional state. People often have these symptoms when they are experiencing intense emotions, such as laughter, sadness, surprise, or frustration.
The causes of narcolepsy
Researchers continue to seek out the root cause of narcolepsy. The general consensus is that genetics, accompanied by an environmental trigger of some sort—a virus, for example— may affect brain chemicals and cause narcolepsy.
Scientists have discovered that people with narcolepsy are lacking in hypocretin (also called orexin), a chemical in the brain that activates arousal and regulates sleep. Narcoleptics generally do not have as many the Hcrt cells (neurons that secrete hypocretin), inhibiting their ability to fully control their alertness and tendencies to fall asleep. Scientists are working on developing treatments to supplement hypocretin levels and reduce narcolepsy symptoms.
Heredity appears to be a factor in narcolepsy, but environmental triggers also play a strong role. Research is also investigating these triggers.
Diagnosing narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. People with narcolepsy often wait to to consult a doctor because the most common (and sometimes the only) symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness, a symptom which could be indicative of many conditions. Additionally, narcolepsy symptoms are often falsely attributed to other sleep disorders or medical conditions (such as depression or epilepsy). Cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle control) is the sole unique symptom of narcolepsy.
Diagnosis of narcolepsy can take a very long time, sometimes more than one year, or even up to several decades. If you suspect you have narcolepsy, be sure to speak with your doctor about all symptoms you are experiencing.
Along with your list of symptoms, physicians and sleep specialists use the following methods to diagnose narcolepsy:
Epworth Sleepiness Scale – A general sleep questionnaire.
Nocturnal polysomnogram- This overnight test measures the electrical activity of your brain and heart , and the movement of your muscles and eyes.
Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) – This test measures how long it takes for you to fall asleep during the day.
Spinal fluid analysis – The lack of hypocretin in the cerebrospinal fluid may be a marker for narcolepsy. Examining spinal fluid is a new diagnostic test for narcolepsy.
The effects of narcolepsy
Narcolepsy can have serious repercussions on many aspects of life. The following are just a few of the effects narcolepsy can have on your life.
Effects of Narcolepsy
Physical well-being and safety
Many activities, including driving, working, cooking, or walking, can be very dangerous if you fall asleep or lose muscle control unexpectedly.
Mental health
Narcolepsy disrupts all aspects of life and can lead to depression and anxiety.
Social and professional relationships
Unfortunately, sudden sleep episodes are often found humorous to those not familiar with narcolepsy. People may assume that the individual with narcolepsy is lazy, rude or faking the sudden sleep episodes.
Intimate relationships
Personal relationships, especially spousal relationships, often suffer. Extreme sleepiness may also cause low sex drive and impotence.
Memory and attention
People with narcolepsy may have problems remembering things and concentrating.
Accredited sleep centers
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine provides a sleep center locator with information on finding a sleep center near you.
Treating narcolepsy
Although no cure yet exists for narcolepsy, a combination of treatments can control narcolepsy symptoms. The recommended treatment for narcolepsy includes a combination of counseling, medication, and behavioral changes.
Treating narcolepsy with counseling and support groups
The symptoms of narcolepsy—particularly sleep attacks and cataplexy—can wreak havoc on your ability to live a normal life. The episodes can be frightening, and you may become depressed because of the sudden lack of control. Fear of falling asleep or of sudden collapse forces some people to become reclusive and withdrawn. Depression in people with narcolepsy is understandably very common. Reaching out to a psychologist, counselor, or support group can help you to cope with the effects of the disorder.
Medications for narcolepsy
Medication is very helpful for treating the symptoms of narcolepsy. Commonly prescribed drugs for narcolepsy are stimulants, antidepressants and sodium oxybate. All medications have side effects so talk with your doctor
Behavioral changes that help the effects of narcolepsy
Behavioral changes are usually recommended along with medications to help a person to manage narcolepsy symptoms. Combining the various treatments can improve alertness and help you control the effects of a narcoleptic episode.
Self-Help for Narcolepsy
Schedule your sleep periods
Take a few brief, scheduled naps during the daytime (10-15 minutes each). Try to get a good night’s sleep during the same hours each night. Planned naps can prevent unplanned lapses into sleep.
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
These substances interfere with sleep when you need it.
Involve your employers, coworkers, and friends
Alert others so that they can help when needed.
Carry a tape recorder
Record important conversations and meetings, in case you fall asleep.
Break up larger tasks into small pieces
Focus on one small thing at a time.
Exercise on a regular basis
Exercise can make you feel more awake during the day and stimulate sleep at night. For example, take several short walks during the day.
Avoid activities that would be dangerous if you had a sudden sleep attack
If possible, don’t drive, climb ladders, or use dangerous machinery. Taking a nap before driving may help you to manage any possible sleepiness.
Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace
A bracelet or necklace will alert others if you suddenly fall asleep or become unable to move or speak.
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